The current strategies for Visceral
Leishmaniasis rely on reservoir and vector control, the use of
insecticide impregnated materials and active case detection and
treatment, anti-leishmanial vaccines are still being developed.
Reservoir Control
Since man is the only reservoir of kala azar in Nepal, active and passive case detection and treatment of those found to be infected (including PKDL) may be sufficient to abolish the human reservoir and control the disease.
Since man is the only reservoir of kala azar in Nepal, active and passive case detection and treatment of those found to be infected (including PKDL) may be sufficient to abolish the human reservoir and control the disease.
Vector Control
The application of residual insecticides has proved effective in the control of sandflies. DDT is the first choice since the vector of kala azar P. argentipes is susceptible to DDT. Insecticide spraying should be undertaken in human dwellings, animal shelters and all other resting places up to a height of 6 feet from floor level. Spraying should be preceded and followed by an assessment of susceptibility. Any sign of resistance in vector should lead to an immediate change in insecticide. BHC should be kept as a second line of defence.
The application of residual insecticides has proved effective in the control of sandflies. DDT is the first choice since the vector of kala azar P. argentipes is susceptible to DDT. Insecticide spraying should be undertaken in human dwellings, animal shelters and all other resting places up to a height of 6 feet from floor level. Spraying should be preceded and followed by an assessment of susceptibility. Any sign of resistance in vector should lead to an immediate change in insecticide. BHC should be kept as a second line of defence.
Insecticide-impregnated materials
The use of insecticide-treated bednets (ITNs) could concomitantly prevent Visceral Leishmaniasis and other vector borne diseases, such as malaria and japanese encephalitis. Depending on the sleeping traditions of the population and biting habit of the local vector, other insecticide-impregnated materials such as curtains and blankets should be evaluated for use in Visceral Leishmaniasis prevention.
The use of insecticide-treated bednets (ITNs) could concomitantly prevent Visceral Leishmaniasis and other vector borne diseases, such as malaria and japanese encephalitis. Depending on the sleeping traditions of the population and biting habit of the local vector, other insecticide-impregnated materials such as curtains and blankets should be evaluated for use in Visceral Leishmaniasis prevention.
Early diagnosis and treatment
Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for both individual patients and for the community. Untreated VL patients act as a reservoir for parasites and therefore contribute to disease transmission in anthroponoticVL areas. Early case finding and treatment is therefore considered an essential component of VL control.
Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for both individual patients and for the community. Untreated VL patients act as a reservoir for parasites and therefore contribute to disease transmission in anthroponoticVL areas. Early case finding and treatment is therefore considered an essential component of VL control.
Personal Prophylaxis
The risk of infection can be reduced through health education and by the use of individual protective measures such as avoiding sleeping on floor, using fine-mesh nets around the bed. Insect repellents for temporary protection and keeping environment clean.
The risk of infection can be reduced through health education and by the use of individual protective measures such as avoiding sleeping on floor, using fine-mesh nets around the bed. Insect repellents for temporary protection and keeping environment clean.
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