DESCRIBE STRUCTURE OF HIV VIRUS: T.U 2058
HIV is a complex RNA virus of the genus Lentivirus within the Retroviridae family. The virus is an approximately 100nm icosahedral structure with 72 external spikes that are formed by the two major envelope glycoproteins gp120 and gp41.
The lipid bilayer is also studded with a number of host-cell proteins during the budding process. HIV has a characteristic dense, cone-shaped nucleocapsid composed of the core protein p24. This nucleocapsid harbours two copies of the 9.8 kb single-stranded RNA genome which are associated with the viral enzymes reverse transcriptase (RT), RNase H, integrase and protease. In addition to structural genes HIV has genes whose products contribute to the complex regulation and replication of the virus. Of particular interest is the Nef (negative factor) protein.
Deletions and mutations of this protein have been found in some HIV-infected individuals characterized as long-term non-progressors. Two major types of the AIDS virus, HIV- 1 and HIV-2, have been identified. The major serological differences reside in the surface protein gp120. HIV-1 and HIV-2 are further separated into subtypes or ‘clades’ due to the marked variability in the V3 (variable region) of the gp120 protein. Infectivity is destroyed.
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| Structure of HIV Virus: Cross-Section |
The lipid bilayer is also studded with a number of host-cell proteins during the budding process. HIV has a characteristic dense, cone-shaped nucleocapsid composed of the core protein p24. This nucleocapsid harbours two copies of the 9.8 kb single-stranded RNA genome which are associated with the viral enzymes reverse transcriptase (RT), RNase H, integrase and protease. In addition to structural genes HIV has genes whose products contribute to the complex regulation and replication of the virus. Of particular interest is the Nef (negative factor) protein.
Deletions and mutations of this protein have been found in some HIV-infected individuals characterized as long-term non-progressors. Two major types of the AIDS virus, HIV- 1 and HIV-2, have been identified. The major serological differences reside in the surface protein gp120. HIV-1 and HIV-2 are further separated into subtypes or ‘clades’ due to the marked variability in the V3 (variable region) of the gp120 protein. Infectivity is destroyed.
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